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Discusses the growth mechanisms of tin whiskers and the effective mitigation strategies necessary to reduce whisker growth risks This book covers key tin whisker topics, ranging from fundamental science to practical mitigation strategies. The text begins with a review of the characteristic properties of local microstructures around whisker and hillock grains to identify why these particular grains and locations become predisposed to forming whiskers and hillocks. The book discusses the basic properties of tin-based alloy finishes and the effects of various alloying elements on whisker formation, with a focus on potential mechanisms for whisker suppression or enhancement for each element. Tin whisker risk mitigation strategies for each tier of the supply chain for high reliability electronic systems are also described. Discusses whisker formation factors including surface grain geometry, crystallographic orientation-dependent surface grain boundary structure, and the localization of elastic strain/strain energy density distribution Examines how whiskers and hillocks evolve in time through real-time studies of whisker growth with the scanning electron microscope/focused ion beaming milling (SEM/FIB) Covers characterization methods of tin and tin-based alloy finishes such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Reviews theories of mechanically-induced tin whiskers with case studies using pure tin and other lead-free finishes shown to evaluate the pressure-induced tin whiskers Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks: Theory and Practice is intended for the broader electronic packaging and manufacturing community including: manufacturing engineers, packaging development engineers, as well as engineers and researchers in high reliability industries.

It is well known that most important electronic devices use Schottky junctions and heterojunctions. Unfortunately there is not an advanced book introducing heterojunctions systematically. Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions fills the gap. In this book, the authors provide a comprehensive discussion and systematic introduction on the state-of-the-art technologies as well as application of organic semiconductor heterojunctions. First book to systematically introduce organic heterojunctions Arms readers with theoretical, experimental and applied aspects of organic heterojunctions The Chinese edition of the book is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Distinguished Young Scholar Scientific Book Series Introduction to Organic Semiconductor Heterojunctions is an ideal and valued reference for researchers and graduate students focusing on organic thin film devices like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Instructors can use the book as a supplementary text for a semiconductor physics or organic electronics course, giving students a better feel for the application of organic thin film devices.

Depression Care across the Lifespan is a comprehensive, practical text that aims to increase knowledge and understanding of depression enabling professionals to enhance the care delivered to patients with depression. This text explores depression across all ages, starting with children and teenagers, through adulthood and finally old age. Depression Care across the Lifespan explores depression amongst different groups including children and teenagers, depression throughout the adult female lifecycle and depression in later life. It also discusses the impact of depression in people with learning disabilities and those from ethnic minority and immigrant populations. It also looks at topics including the causes and treatment of depression, the impact of stress and depression upon work and wellbeing, depression in chronic illness, suicide and self harm, and managing depression in primary and secondary care are included. Key features: • Essential reading for practitioners involved in the care of depressed people • Useful for students undertaking nursing, health and social care courses • Evidence-based, and supported by relevant literature • Links policy with current practice across the whole lifespan

Advances in Porcelain Enamel Technology: Ceramic Transactions Volume 211 provides a compilation of PEI Technical Forum proceedings covering the latest scientific and technological advancement in porcelain enamel technology. Logically organized, carefully selected articles cover topics ranging from Efficiency and Dense Phase Pumping of Porcelain Enamel Powder to Digital Ceramic Printing and Raw Materials and Energy: Their Influence on Enamels Market. Advances in Porcelain Enamel Technology: Ceramic Transactions Volume 211 is the one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in porcelain enamel technology.

This volume of the Ceramic Transactions series compiles a number of papers presented at the 9th International Conference on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (9th CMCEE) in Shanghai, China and was the continuation of a series of international conferences held all over the world over the last three decades. This volume contains selected peer reviewed papers from more than 300 presentations from all over the world. The papers in this volume also highlight and emphasize the importance of synergy between advanced materials and component designs.

This proceedings issue contains a collection of 11 papers presented during the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January, 2009. Papers in this proceedings were presented from one of the three symposia listed below: Symposium 6 – Key Materials and Technologies for Efficient Direct Thermal-to-Electrical Conversion; Symposium 11 – Symposium on Advanced Dielectrics, Piezoelectric, Ferroelectric, and Multiferroic Materials; Focused Session 2 – Materials for Solid State Lighting.

This useful resource will help you understand the most valuable aspects of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology. Containing 16 peer-reviewed papers, this issue covers various aspects and the latest developments related to processing, modeling and manufacturing technologies of nanoscaled materials including CNT and clay-based composites, nanowire-based sensors, new generation photovoltaic cells, plasma processing of functional thin films, ceramic membranes and self-assembled functional nanostructures.

Improve your understanding in the most valuable aspects of advances in bioceramics and porous ceramics. This collection of logically organized and carefully selected articles contain the proceedings of the “Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications” and “Next Generation Bioceramics” symposia, which were held on January 27-February 1, 2008.

The Armor Ceramics Symposium provides an annual forum for the presentation and discussion of unclassified information and ideas pertaining to the development and incorporation of ceramic materials for armor applications. This collection of articles from the seventh edition of this symposium focused on Impact, Penetration and Material Modeling, Material Concepts, Processes and Characterization, the Application of NDE, and Transparent Armor.

This volume is a useful resource for understanding the most valuable aspects of advanced ceramic coatings and interfaces. Containing twelve contributed papers from the symposium, topics include vibration damping coatings, thermal and environmental barrier coating processing, testing and life modeling, non-destructive evaluation, multifunctional coatings and interfaces, highlighting the state-of-the-art ceramic coatings technologies for various critical engineering applications.

This volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on ceramic coatings and interfaces. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Papers include developments and advances in ceramic coatings for structural, environmental, and functional applications. Articles are logically organized to provide insight into various aspects of ceramic coatings and interfaces. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers in industry, government, or academia who work in ceramics engineering.

This volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on ceramic armor and addressing the challenges facing armor manufacturers. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include novel materials concepts for both vehicle and body armors, transparent ceramics for impact resistance, and more. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers in industry, government, or academia who are working with ceramic armor.